新手如何学习化妆步骤？新手怎样学化妆视频教程

2023-03-18 09:29:51 3阅读 0评论

an expert in phonetics, convinced that the quality of a person’s English decides his/her position in society

P28

难句解读

语音学专家，坚信一个人的英语水平决定这个人的社会地位。

convinced that…是过去分词短语作定语，相当于一个定语从句who is convinced that…。convince意为“使确信，使信服，说服”，有以下常见用法：convince sb./oneself+of 短语/that从句，表示“使……坚信……，使……确信……”；（be） convinced +of短语/that从句，表示“坚信……，确信……”。

例如

I don’t think her forced smile will convince her father that she lives happily.

我认为她的强颜欢笑不会让她父亲相信她生活得很快乐。

We are convinced of her guilt.=We are convinced that she was guilty.

我们确信她有罪。

难点深究

convince，persuade，induce，urge，coax的区别：这几个动词均有“劝说，劝导，劝诱”之意。区别在于：convince指凭行动、事实或言语使他人从思想感情上信服；persuade是普通用词，指通过劝说、感情交流等而使对方做劝说者所希望的事；induce指用讲道理来使某人做某事；urge语气强烈，指不断地、热情地规劝诱导； coax指用好话善意或耐心劝诱、哄骗某人做某事。

例如：

Your argument is too weak to convince me.

你的论点太薄弱了，说服不了我。

Can you persuade her out of her foolish plans?

你能劝她放弃她那些愚蠢的计划吗？

We couldn’t induce the old lady to travel by air.

我们无法劝服那老太太乘飞机旅行。

It is impolite for one to urge other people to drink in the west.

在西方, 过分劝酒是不礼貌的。

The clerk is always able to coax the customers into good humor.

那个售货员总是能够把顾客哄得高高兴兴的。

A gentleman (G) passes and hesitates for a moment.

P29

难句解读

这时有位先生从这儿路过，他迟疑了片刻。

hesitate为不及物动词，意为“犹豫，踌躇，迟疑”，

常见搭配有：

hesitate to do sth.做某事犹豫不决；hesitate about sth./疑问词+to do sth.做某事犹豫不决地；

don’t hesitate to do sth.毫不犹豫做某事，尽管做某事。

例如：

Don’t hesitate, or you will lose the fortune.

别犹豫不决，否则会错失良机。

I hesitate to spend so much money on clothes.

我舍不得把那么多钱花在穿衣服上。

We seldom hesitate about where to stay in Paris.

去巴黎要住哪儿，我们很少有拿不定主意的情况。

Don’t hesitate to ask questions.

有问题尽管提。

难点深究

hesitation为名词形式，意为“犹豫，踌躇”， hesitant为其形容词形式，意为“犹豫的，迟疑的”。

常见搭配有：

without hesitation

毫不犹豫地；

have no hesitation in (doing) sth.

毫不犹豫地做某事；

be hesitant to do sth.=hesitate to do sth.犹豫不决干某事；

be hesitant about doing sth.=hesitate about doing sth.

犹豫不决干某事。

例如：

After a slight hesitation, he began to speak.

稍微迟疑了一下，他开始说话。

He accepted the invitation without hesitation.

他毫不犹豫地接受了邀请。

He had no hesitation in accepting the offer.

他毫不犹豫地接受了该提议。

There you are and you were born in Lisson Grove if I’m not mistaken.

P29

难句解读

好了吧，你呀，如果我没有猜错的话，你出生于里森格洛佛。

mistaken为形容词，意为“犯错的, 错误的”，同时它也是动词mistake的过去分词。be mistaken about sth.弄错……；be mistaken in doing sth.干某事是错误的。例如：

If I’m not mistaken, that’s the man we saw on the bus.

要是我没认错人的话，那就是我们在公共汽车上看到的男子。

I was mistaken about her age.

我把她的年龄弄错了。

The ancients were mistaken in believing that the earth was flat.

古代人错误地认为地球是扁平的。

mistake动名词同形，意为“误会，误解，弄错；错误，误会”，作动词时其过去式和过去分词形式分别为mistook和mistaken。常见搭配有：

mistake A for B 把A错当成B；

make a mistake/make mistakes 犯错误；make a mistake in doing sth.=be mistaken in doing sth.做某事是错误的；by mistake 错误地。

例如：

I must have mistaken your meaning/what you said. 我一定误会了你的意思。

She is often mistaken for her twin sister. 她常被误认为是她的孪生妹妹。

Don’t make the same mistake again.别犯同样的错误了。

She put salt into her milk by mistake. 她误把盐放进了牛奶里。

We must try to learn from our mistakes. 我们必须从错误中吸取教训。

难点深究

mistake，error，wrong，fault的区别：这四个词都可表示“错误”，但侧重点不同。

mistake强调日常生活中判断和看法的错误，使用范围较宽，可指各种错误；

error强调违反某一标准做的错事，包括道德上的错误。其使用范围较窄，常指在计算、书写等过程中出现的“差错”；

wrong 作名词指的是“坏事、不公正、犯罪”； fault强调责任或性格上的弱点，通常指人的“过失，过错”。

例如：

It was a mistake buying that house.

买那套房子是个错误。

He can’t forget the errors of his youth.

他忘不了他年轻时犯的错误。

The teacher has done his students a great wrong.

这个老师对待他的学生们十分不公正。

It’s my fault that we are late.

我们迟到是我的错。

Simply phonetics studied and classified from people’s own speech.

P29

难句解读

对人的发音进行研究、分类，如此而已

classify为及物动词，意为“编排，分类，归类”，

常见搭配有：

classify…according to sth.按/根据……进行分类；classify…into…把……分成……；classify…as…把……归类于……。

例如：

The books in the library are classified according to subject.

图书馆的书是按科目分类的。

These animals were classified into five groups.

这些动物被分成五组。

I’d rather classify his novel as science fiction.

我宁可把他的小说归类于科幻小说。

难点深究

classification为其名词形式，意为“分类，分级”，classified为其形容词形式，意为“分类的”，

例如：

classified advertisement 分类广告，classified directory 分类电话号码薄。

classify，organize，arrange，sort的区别：这些动词均含“使有条理、安排”之意。区别在于：

classify指按照事物类型、质量或是否相似进行分类；

organize指按计划或需要把人或物安排组织成一个整体；

arrange指按计划、秩序、需要和可能等进行安排；

sort通常指根据类型或种类分类或整理选择。

例如：

Would you classify her novels as serious literature or other?

你认为她的小说属于文学类，还是其他类?

To write a good essay you must first organize your ideas logically.

要写出好文章，你必须先从逻辑上理顺思绪。

I have arranged that one of my staff will meet you at the airport.

我已经安排好派一个职员到飞机场接你。

We must sort out the good apples from the bad ones.

我们必须把好的苹果与坏的分开。

But they betray themselves every time they open their mouths.

P29

难句解读

但是他们一张嘴就会暴露自己的身份。

betray为及物动词，意为“出卖；背叛；泄露（秘密）；露出……迹象”。

例如：

I won’t betray his trust.

我不会辜负他对我的信任。

She would not betray his secrets to me. 她不会把他的秘密泄露给我。

His face betrayed that he was angry.

他的脸显露出他很生气。

She was betrayed by her own enthusiasm.

她因过于热情而露出了马脚。

Quite a lot of people will betray themselves when tempted by money.

相当多的人面对金钱的诱惑便原形毕露。

Look at this girl with her terrible English: the English that will condemn her to the gutter to the end of her days.

P30

难句解读

瞧这个姑娘，英语说得那样糟糕：命中注定要在贫民窟里呆一辈子。

“the English that …”部分作her terrible English 的同位语。condemn为及物动词，意为“判刑；处刑；声讨；谴责；反对；征用；使……注定”。

condemn的常见搭配有：

condemn sb./sth. for (doing sth.) 因……而谴责/指责……；

condemn sb. to death (=sentence sb. to death) 判某人死刑；

be condemned to判以……刑，使……注定；

condemn sb. to do sth. 迫使某人做某事例例如：

He was widely condemned for his bad behaviour.

他的不良行为受到了广泛谴责。

They have been condemned to life imprisonment.

他们被判终生监禁。

They were condemned to a life of hardship.

他们不得不过着艰难的生活。

Her illness condemned her to be in bed all the time.

她的病迫使她一直卧床。

The house has been condemned for the use of public welfare.

那座房屋已被征作公共福利事业用了。

难点深究

condemn，blame，accuse，scold的区别：这四个动词均含有“责备，非难”之意。

区别在于：

condemn是正式用词，表示谴责，有较强的司法意味，侧重从道义或原则上的谴责；

blame是普通用词，语气较弱，仅是一般的责难、归咎于，不含用语言责骂之意；

accuse语气比blame强，本义为归罪，可用作指非难或谴责之义；

scold是普通用词，多指上级对下级、长辈对后辈或雇主对雇员的态度粗暴、言词激烈的数落。

例如：

We condemned him for his bad conduct.

我们责备他行为不检点。

The driver was not to blame for the accident.

这次事故怪不着司机。

As long as you do what you can, no one will accuse you even if you fail it in the future.

只要你尽力而为,即使将来失败也没有人会指责你。

Don’t scold him too much; he is at best a child. 不要过于责骂他，他只不过是个孩子。

But, sir, (proudly) once educated to speak properly, that girl could pass herself off in three months as a duchess at an ambassador’s garden party.

P29

难句解读

不过，先生，（高傲地）要是一旦有人教她把英语说好了，她就可以在三个月以内冒充公爵夫人出席大使举办的花园晚会了。

once educated…是once she’s educated…的省略形式。pass…off as… 意为“(把某人)改变或冒充成……”。

例如：

He passed himself off as a businessman. 他冒充是生意人。

She passed him off as her husband.

她把他冒充成自己的丈夫。

难点深究

与pass有关的动词短语有：

pass off（指事件）发生，进行，（指痛苦、危机）结束；

pass sth. off 不注意；

pass through通过，穿过；

pass by从旁边经过；

pass out昏倒，失去知觉；

pass…on to…把……传递给；

pass away去世；

pass over忽略；

pass down传给后世

And I came to England to make your acquaintance!

P30

难句解读

我也正是到英国来找你的！

acquaintance为名词，意为“相识，了解，熟人”，acquaintance用作不可数名词时，表示“熟悉，认识”；用作可数名词时，表示“熟悉的人”。

acquaintance的常见搭配及表达有：make sb.’s acquaintance=make the acquaintance of sb.结识某人；

have a passing acquaintance with…对……有肤浅的了解；

have some acquaintance with…懂一点儿……；

have no acquaintance with…不熟悉……；

have a nodding acquaintance with…与某人有点头之交，对某事物略知一二

例如：

I made the acquaintance of several musicians around that time.

大约在那段时间，我结识了几位音乐家。

I have never made his acquaintance.

我与他素昧平生。

I have some acquaintance with Japanese.

我懂一点儿日语。

Claire has a wide circle of friends and acquaintances.

克莱尔交友很广。

难点深究

(1) acquaint为及物动词，意为“使认识，使熟悉，使了解”，习惯用法为：be acquainted with 认识、熟悉……；acquaint sb./oneself with…使某人/自己了解。

例如：

I’m not acquainted with the lady. 我不认识那位女士。

You first need to acquaint yourself with the filing system. 你首先需要熟悉文件归档方法。

(2) acquaint，inform，notify的区别：这三个动词都有“通知、告知”之意。

区别在于：

acquaint指提供有关信息或情况使某人熟悉某些过程或复杂的情况；

inform是普通用词，指传达事实或信息，或指经过研究或调查而获得的事实或信息；

notify指正式通知需要注意的事情。

例如：

These books acquaint Chinese readers with the ancient cultures of these lands.这些书帮助中国读者了解这些地区的古代文化。

If you see anything suspicious, inform the police at once.

你要是看到什么可疑的东西就马上通知警察。

We’ll notify her to draw up a contract.

我们将通知她起草一份合同。

Generally speaking, people are more polite to those who they think are of a higher social class…

P30

难句解读

一般来说，人们对那些他们认为是上等阶层的人要更礼貌些……。

who引导定语从句，从句中的of表示“从属”关系。generally speaking意为“一般来说，总体上讲”。

例如：

Birds of a feather flock together.

物以类聚，人以群分。

Generally speaking, women live longer than men.

一般而言，女性寿命较男性长。

Generally speaking, I felt that the plan is practical.

总的来说，我认为这计划是切实可行的。

难点深究

（1）frankly speaking坦率地说；

honestly speaking 老实说，说实话；

strictly speaking严格地说；

to tell the truth说实话；

judging from从……来看，

这些短语作插入语时，形式是固定的，不受句子主语的影响。

例如：

Judging from his accent, he is a stranger.

从他的口音判断，他是个外地人。

（2）“of+抽象名词”常用来描述人或事物的性质、特征，相当于与该抽象名词同词根的形容词，名词前还可有great，much，some，little，no等定语表示程度。该结构在句中可作表语或定语。

可用于该结构的抽象名词及相对应的形容词有：importance—important；interest—interesting；significance—significant；use—useful；help—helpful；value—valuable；ability—able；benefit—beneficial等。

例如：

What his boss said is of great importance. =What his boss said is very important.

他老板所说的非常重要。

Sports and games can be of great value to people’s health.

体育运动对人们的健康是很有价值的。

The medicine is of no use.

这种药毫无用处。

George is a man of great courage.

乔治是一个勇气非凡的人。

someone who steals sth or robs sb…

P32

难句解读

偷东西或抢劫某人的人。

rob为及物动词，意为“抢，抢劫（宾语为某人或某地）；剥夺，使失去”。 robber为名词，意为“抢劫者，抢劫犯”；robbery为名词，意为“抢劫案”。

例如：

The tomb was robbed of its treasures.

墓葬的财宝被洗劫一空。

He had been robbed of his dignity.

他已失去了尊严。

A last minute goal robbed the team of victory.

最后一分钟的进球使这个队失去了获胜的机会。

难点深究

rob, steal, cheat的区别：

rob表示“抢”，多用于rob sb./some place of sth. 结构；steal 表示“偷”，多用于steal sth. from sb./some place结构；cheat表示 “骗”，多用于cheat sb. (out) of sth.结构。

Higgins thought that a superior social position was more dependent on grammar and pronunciation than on a person’s fortune.

P32

难句解读

希金斯认为高层次的社会地位取决于一个人的语法和发音，甚于他的运气。

superior 作形容词时，表示“优秀的，优等的；更大的，更强的；上级的，上司的；有优越感的，高傲的”；

作名词时意为“上级，长官，上司；优胜者”。由于superior本身含有比较意义，因此不能在前面再加more。在与另一事物进行比较时，与之搭配的介词要用to，不能用than。

例如：

These goods are of superior quality.

这些商品品质优良。

Jack is my superior officer.

杰克是我的上司。

He smiled a superior smile as he drove past in his expensive new car.

他开着那辆昂贵的新车驶过时，傲慢地微微一笑。

This carpet is superior to that one in quality.

这块地毯在质量上比那块好得多。

He always does what his superior tells him.

他对上级唯命是从。

Among novelists perhaps only Tolstoy is his superior.

小说家中可能只有托尔斯泰胜他一筹。

fortune为名词，意为“命运，运气”，

常见的搭配有：

have a good/bad fortune 运气好/运气不好；try one’s fortune 碰运气；seek one’s fortune 找出路，碰运气；tell one’s fortune 算命；a change of fortune 时来运转。fortune亦可作“大笔的钱，财产”讲，如：come into a fortune 继承大笔遗产，make a/one’s fortune 发大财，spend/pay/cost a fortune 花很多钱。

例如：

It was his good fortune/luck to take over the company at the right time.

他在恰当的时候接管公司，运气真不错。

He decided to go to America to try his fortune.

他决定去美国碰碰运气。

I had the good fortune to meet him.

我很幸运碰到了他。

I am delighted with my change of fortune. 我为我时来运转感到高兴。

The little girl came into a fortune after her uncle died.

她叔叔去世后，那个小女孩继承了一大笔遗产。

She dreamed of making a fortune.

她梦想发大财。

The car must have cost you a fortune. =You must have spent a fortune on the car.

这辆车一定花了你很多钱。

be dependent on/upon表示“依靠，依赖，在……方面不独立”。

例如：

I’ll never be dependent on anyone again. 我不会再依靠任何人了。

You can’t be dependent on your parents all your life.

你不可能一辈子依靠父母生活。

难点深究

（1）与superior用法相同的词还有inferior，senior，junior。be senior to… 比……地位/级别高，比……年长；be junior to… 比……地位/级别低，比……年轻；be inferior to…比……低等/差。

例如：

He is ten years junior to me. =He is junior to me by ten years. =He is ten years younger than me.

他比我小10岁。

（2）depend为动词，意为“决定于，指望”。

习惯用法有：

depend upon/on 依靠，依赖，信赖，依……而定；

depend on sb. to do指望某人去做；

depend on it that…指望……（此句型中it是形式宾语，that从句是真正的宾语）；

“depend on+wh从句”意为“视……而定；取决于……”；

That /It (all) depends. 那得看情况。

例如：

All living things depend on the sun for their growth.

万物靠太阳生长。

That depends on how you solve the problem. 那要看你如何解决这个问题。

You can depend on him to help you.

你可以指望他来帮你。

You may depend on it that he will join our club. 你可以指望他加入我们的俱乐部。

Our success depends on whether everyone works hard or not.

我们的成功取决于每个人是否努力工作。

He may help you, but that depends.

他也许会帮你，但那得看情况。

（3）luck, fortune, destiny, fate的区别：

这四个名词均含“命运”之意，区别在于：luck是普通日常用词，指好的或坏的运气，尤多指好运气，有时也指成功或愉快的结局；fortune多含有变幻无常的意味，指由机会或运气来决定的一种命运；destiny强调命中注定，是天意，还常暗示展望未来之意；fate多比喻不幸或死亡，含宿命的意味，有浓厚的神话或迷信色彩，常有无可奈何之意。

例如：

Luck was with us and we won the first round easily.

我们运气好，第一轮轻而易举就赢了。

Fortune smiled on me.

我交了好运。

Your destiny is interwoven with mine.

你的命运已和我的命运结合在一起了。

She wondered what fate had in store for her next.

她不知道以后等待她的将是什么命运。

He gave me a musical box at my birthday party and I gave him a wonderful new coat in return.

P32

难句解读

他在我的生日聚会上送给我一个音乐盒，而我给了他一件漂亮的新外套作为回礼。

in return 意为“作为回报，作为交换”。

例如：

Mr White helped me a lot, and in return, I bought a present for his birthday.

怀特先生帮了我不少忙，作为回报，我给他买了份生日礼物。

难点深究

in return for sth.与 in response to…的区别：

前者表示“作为对……的回报，作为对……的交换”，后者表示“作为对……的反应/回应”。

例如：

He bought her a box of chocolate in return for her help.

为报答她的好意，他送给她一盒巧克力。

He sold his soul in return for power and money. 他出卖灵魂以换取权力与金钱。

Professor Li laughed in response to his jokes. 李教授听了他的笑话大笑起来。

Henry Higgins and Colonel Pickering are sitting deep in conversation

P34

难句解读

亨利·希金斯和皮克林上校坐着深切地交谈。

deep in conversation为形容词短语作状语说明主语的情况。deep in sth.意为“专心致志做某事，埋头做某事”，既可作状语，也可作表语。

例如：

Mr White was deep in conversation with the teacher when John came in.

当约翰进来时，怀特先生正和老师深入交谈。

He was deep in thought, not noticing the noise around him.

他陷入沉思中，没有注意到周围的喧闹声。

难点深究

（1）deep in sth.作为副词短语，还可以表示“在……深处”。

例如：

deep in/into the night (=far into the night) 在深夜，直至深夜；deep in one’s heart 在某人内心深处；deep in the forest 在密林深处；deep in the earth 在地下深处。

（2）表示“专心致志……，埋头于……”这一意思还可用be lost in…, be buried in…，be absorbed in…。

例如：

Lost in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.

他陷入了沉思，差点撞到他前面的车。

The poor woman was buried in grief after her husband died.

这个可怜的妇人在丈夫死后一直沉浸在悲痛之中。

Absorbed in novel, he forgot his appointment.

他专心看小说，忘记了约会。

I rather fancied myself because I can pronounce twentyfour distinct vowel sounds.

P34

难句解读

我本来还很自负，因为我能清晰地发出24个完全不同的元音来。

句中fancy oneself （as）意为“自以为是……；自命不凡”。

fancy作形容词意为“华丽装饰的, 复杂的，引人注目的，时髦的，昂贵的，好的”，作名词意为“喜爱, 幻想, 想像力”，作及物动词意为“想象, 希望, 迷恋”。

例如：

All eyes were rested on the fancy car. 所有的眼神都注视着那部新奇的车。

A fancy hairstyle will be great for a party.参加晚会梳个时尚发型很不错。

He sells poor goods and charges fancy prices.

他出售的商品很糟,要价却非常昂贵。

The store sells fancy fresh fruits.

这商店出售优质的鲜果。

I have taken a fancy to that new bicycle. 我非常喜欢那辆新自行车。

You have to discriminate between fact and fancy.

你得分清事实与幻想。

In the spring, a young man’s fancy lightly turns to thoughts of love.

春天,年轻人的想像力很容易转移到关于爱情的遐想上去。

She fancied herself (as) a famous actress.

她自以为是个名演员。

难点深究

fancy doing 表示“想不到会做（某事）”，常用于祈使句，表示惊叹。

例如：

Fancy meeting so many old friends!

想不到会遇到这么多老朋友！

Show her in, Mrs Pearce.

P34

难句解读

皮尔斯夫人，带她进来。show sb. in/into意为“带或领……进来”。

例如：

My secretary will show you in.

我的秘书会领你进去。

Pat will show you into the building.

帕特会带你到楼里去。

难点深究

有关show的动词短语有：

show sb. the door 对某人下逐客令；show sb. out 送某人出去；show sb. around a place 带领某人参观某地；show off 炫耀；show up 到场，露面。

(Compromises)OK, I’ll teach you.

P38

难句解读

（提出折衷办法）好吧，我教你。

compromise作不及物动词时，意为“妥协，折衷，以折衷办法解决，让步”，多用于compromise on sth.（在某方面让步），compromise with sb. on sth.（在某方面同某人妥协）结构中。作名词时表示“妥协，折衷”，

常见搭配有：

make a compromise 作出让步，妥协；reach/arrive at/come to a compromise 达成妥协，互让和解。

例如：

I would rather die than compromise.

我宁死不妥协。

He found it wiser to compromise with her. 他觉得与她妥协更明智。

We simply can’t compromise on the question of human rights.

我们就是不能在人权问题上让步。

We had to compromise with them on safety measures.

我们只好在安全措施方面同他们妥协。

We should settle the problem by compromise.

我们应当折衷解决这个问题。

Neither of them is willing to make a compromise.

他们两人谁也不愿意妥协。

Can the two sides reach a compromise? 双方能互让和解吗？

I’d never have come if I’d known about this disgusting thing you want me to do…

P35

难句解读

我要是知道你要我做这种丑事，我是绝不会来的……。

这是一个表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的句子，其形式为：从句用过去完成时，主句用would/should/could/might+have done。

例如：

If he had come here yesterday, he would have seen his old friend.

假如他昨天来这儿的话，就会见到他的老朋友。

If it hadn’t been for you, the boy would have been drowned.

如果不是你的话，这男孩就淹死了。

disgusting为形容词，意为“令人厌恶的，令人作呕的；完全不能接受的”。

例如：

The place smelled disgusting.

此地的气味令人作呕。

It’s disgusting the way taxes keep going up.

税额不断增加，实在可怕。

难点深究

disgust 作名词意为“厌恶，憎恶”，

惯用短语有：

in disgust 厌恶地；to one’s disgust 令某人反感的是。作动词时表示“使厌恶，使憎恶”。形容词disgusted表示“厌恶的，憎恶的”，副词disgustedly意为“厌恶地，憎恶地”。

She’s in need of both.

P35

难句解读

这两个方面她都需要。

need作名词时表示“缺乏；必须；需要；不幸，逆境”。

need的常见表达以及用法有：

in need 在困难时，在贫困之中；in need/want/demand(of…)缺少、需要（……）；have (no) need of sth. (不)需要某事物；There’s no need for sth./(for sb.) to do sth.（某人）不需要做某事，（某人）不必做某事/做某事没必要；It is no need/use/good doing sth.做某事没用。

例如：

A friend in need is a friend indeed.

患难之交才是真朋友。

Good secretaries are always in great need/want/demand.

好的秘书总是很缺少。

The car is badly in need of repair/is in great need of repair.

这辆车急需修理。

Since we have a new system, we have no need of this old software.

既然我们有了新的系统，就不再需要这种旧软件了。

There’s no need for me to break the window for I have the key.

我没必要打破窗户，因为我有钥匙。

It’s no need trying to solve the issue between the nations by means of war.